Influenza (Flu)
Influenza, also known as seasonal flu, is a common respiratory infection caused by human seasonal influenza viruses. It is prevalent in January-March and July-August. There are three types of seasonal influenza viruses that can infect humans: Type A, Type B, and Type C. The most common Type A influenza strains in Hong Kong are H1N1 and H3N2.
Transmission Routes and Incubation Period
Influenza viruses are primarily spread through droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, or through contact with their secretions. The incubation period is usually one to three days.
Difference between Flu and Common Cold
Common Cold – Caused by over a hundred types of viruses, including rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and adenoviruses.
Influenza – Caused by influenza viruses, with a longer recovery time of 1-2 weeks, and may lead to complications.
Flu Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Runny nose
- Cough and sore throat
- May also experience diarrhea and vomiting
What to do after getting sick
- Rest at home and drink plenty of water
- If symptoms appear, do not go to work or school, and seek medical attention as soon as possible
Prevention Methods
- Get vaccinated against the flu
The flu shot has been proven effective and safe, and individuals aged 6 months and older can receive it. It is especially recommended for those with weakened immunity or the elderly to get vaccinated early.
- Maintain personal hygiene
Keep your hands clean, wash them frequently, and avoid touching your mouth and nose. Additionally, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing, dispose of used tissues in a lidded bin, and then thoroughly clean your hands.
- Maintain good environmental hygiene
Regularly clean your home with diluted household bleach (1 part bleach to 99 parts water) and ensure good indoor ventilation. Avoid crowded public places or those with poor ventilation; high-risk individuals may consider wearing a surgical mask.
- Boost your immune system
Eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, exercise regularly, and maintain good overall health.